Minnesota offers promising opportunities for aspiring forensic scientists, with competitive salaries averaging $68,790 annually and about 110 statewide positions with growing demand for skilled professionals in crime laboratories across the state. From the Twin Cities metro area (with about 90 positions) to regional facilities in Rochester and Duluth, forensic science careers in Minnesota combine scientific expertise with criminal justice to solve complex cases and serve communities.
Key takeaway:
Forensic scientists in Minnesota earn a median salary of $68,790, with entry-level positions starting at $50,530 and experienced professionals earning over $101,150. The state employs about 110 forensic scientists and requires a bachelor’s degree with specialized training through the Bureau of Criminal Apprehension.
Forensic Scientist Salary and Job Outlook in Minnesota
Understanding salary expectations is crucial when planning your forensic science career. Minnesota forensic scientists earn competitive wages that exceed the national median, reflecting the state’s commitment to quality criminal justice services.
2024 Minnesota Forensic Science Technician Salaries
| Salary Percentile | Annual Salary | Hourly Wage |
|---|---|---|
| 10th Percentile (Entry Level) | $50,530 | $24.29 |
| 25th Percentile | $61,280 | $29.46 |
| Median (50th Percentile) | $68,790 | $33.07 |
| 75th Percentile | $82,780 | $39.80 |
| 90th Percentile (Experienced) | $101,150 | $48.63 |
| Mean (Average) | $72,550 | $34.88 |
2024 US Bureau of Labor Statistics salary and employment figures for Forensic Science Technicians reflect state and national data, not school-specific information. Conditions in your area may vary. Data accessed September 2025.
Minneapolis-St. Paul Metro Area Salaries
The Twin Cities metropolitan area offers slightly higher compensation than the state average, reflecting the concentration of forensic science positions and the higher cost of living in urban areas.
| Location | Employment | Median Salary | Mean Salary |
|---|---|---|---|
| Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington | About 90 positions | $73,070 | $73,950 |
| Minnesota Statewide | About 110 positions | $68,790 | $72,550 |
| National Average | Approximately 19,450 positions | $67,440 | $75,260 |
Note: Metro figures come from OEWS estimates and may be suppressed or rounded in small cell counts; consult the OEWS explorer for current values.
Minnesota forensic scientists earn above the national median, with opportunities for advancement based on experience, specialization, and additional certifications. Entry-level professionals typically start in the $50,000-$60,000 range, while those with 5-10 years of experience can expect salaries in the $70,000-$85,000 range.
Education Requirements for Minnesota Forensic Scientists
The path to becoming a forensic scientist in Minnesota begins with proper education. The Minnesota Bureau of Criminal Apprehension requires specific educational qualifications that align with national standards for forensic science professionals.
Important Note: Minnesota does not license forensic scientists or crime scene investigators as a profession; hiring agencies set education and training standards. This differs from some regulated professions, like private investigators, which do require state licensing.
Minimum Educational Requirements
All forensic scientist positions with the BCA require a bachelor’s degree from an accredited four-year college or university. The most competitive candidates typically hold degrees in:
- Forensic Science – Direct preparation for laboratory work with specialized coursework in evidence analysis
- Chemistry – Essential for drug chemistry and toxicology specializations
- Biology – Critical for DNA analysis and serology work
- Biochemistry – Combines chemical and biological principles for comprehensive lab work
- Microbiology – Valuable for trace evidence and biological sample analysis
- Physics – Important for ballistics and accident reconstruction
Beyond the degree requirement, successful candidates must complete specific coursework that prepares them for the technical demands of forensic laboratory work. The BCA values candidates who have completed advanced laboratory courses with hands-on experience in analytical techniques.
Essential Coursework for BCA Positions
The Bureau of Criminal Apprehension specifically looks for candidates who have completed rigorous science coursework. Core requirements typically include:
- General Chemistry with laboratory (2 semesters)
- Organic Chemistry with laboratory (2 semesters)
- Analytical Chemistry or Instrumental Analysis
- Biochemistry
- Statistics and Data Analysis
- Calculus (at least one semester)
- Physics with laboratory (2 semesters)
- Cell Biology and Genetics (for DNA positions)
- Molecular Biology (for DNA positions)
Students pursuing forensic science degree programs should ensure their curriculum includes these fundamental courses. Many Minnesota colleges now offer forensic science minors or concentrations that complement traditional science majors, providing specialized training in evidence collection and analysis.
Minnesota Bureau of Criminal Apprehension (BCA) Overview
The Minnesota Bureau of Criminal Apprehension serves as the state’s primary forensic science employer, operating one of the most advanced crime laboratories in the nation. Established in 1927 and creating its forensic laboratory in 1947, the BCA has pioneered numerous advances in forensic science.
BCA Laboratory Services and Specializations
The BCA laboratory holds the distinction of being one of the first DNA laboratories in the United States. According to the Minnesota DPS/BCA, the BCA was the first lab in the nation to identify a suspect based solely on DNA evidence. Today, the laboratory employs over 100 forensic scientists across multiple specializations:
DNA Analysis Section
The DNA section processes biological evidence from major crimes throughout Minnesota. Scientists in this section work with:
- Nuclear DNA analysis for individual identification
- Mitochondrial DNA for degraded samples
- Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) database management
- Serology screening for biological fluids
- Paternity and relationship testing
Drug Chemistry Section
This section identifies controlled substances and analyzes drug evidence from criminal cases. Forensic chemists handle:
- Controlled substance identification
- Quantitative drug analysis
- Clandestine laboratory analysis
- New psychoactive substance identification
Firearms and Toolmarks Section
Specialists in this area examine firearms evidence and conduct ballistic analysis:
- Bullet and cartridge case comparisons
- Firearm functionality testing
- Serial number restoration
- Distance determination analysis
- Toolmark comparisons
Latent Prints Section
Fingerprint experts process and compare friction ridge evidence:
- Latent print development and enhancement
- Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS) searches
- Palm print and footprint analysis
- Crime scene print processing
Trace Evidence Section
This section handles microscopic evidence analysis, including:
- Hair and fiber comparisons
- Paint and polymer analysis
- Glass comparisons
- Soil and botanical evidence
- Fire debris analysis
- Gunshot residue testing
Toxicology Section
Forensic toxicologists analyze biological samples for drugs and poisons:
- Postmortem toxicology for death investigations
- Human performance toxicology for DWI cases
- Drug-facilitated crime analysis
- Workplace drug testing support
BCA Laboratory Locations
The BCA operates from multiple locations across Minnesota to serve all 87 counties effectively:
- St. Paul Headquarters – Main laboratory facility with all forensic disciplines
- Bemidji Regional Office – Northern Minnesota satellite laboratory
- Ten Field Offices – Strategic locations for evidence collection and regional support
Forensic Science Degree Programs in Minnesota
Minnesota offers several pathways to obtain the education needed for a forensic science career. While the state doesn’t have FEPAC-accredited programs, several universities provide strong science foundations with forensic science components.
Recommended Degree Paths in Minnesota
Students can pursue forensic science education through traditional science degrees with forensic concentrations or minors. Key considerations when selecting a program include:
University of Minnesota – Twin Cities
The state’s flagship university offers strong programs in chemistry, biology, and biochemistry with opportunities for forensic science research. Students can complement their major with criminal justice coursework and participate in undergraduate research projects related to forensic analysis.
St. Cloud State University
Offers a Criminal Justice degree with forensic science emphasis, combining criminal justice theory with scientific laboratory training. The program includes partnerships with local law enforcement for practical experience.
Hamline University
Features a Forensic Science major that integrates chemistry, biology, and criminal justice coursework. The program emphasizes hands-on laboratory experience and includes mock crime scene investigations.
Minnesota State University, Mankato
Provides chemistry and biology programs with forensic science electives. Students can gain experience through the university’s partnership with regional crime laboratories.
Online and Hybrid Options
For working professionals or those unable to attend traditional programs, several accredited online universities offer forensic science degrees accepted by Minnesota employers:
When evaluating online programs, ensure they include laboratory components, either through on-campus intensives or local laboratory partnerships. The BCA values hands-on laboratory experience regardless of whether the degree was earned online or in person.
BCA Laboratory Internship Program
The BCA Laboratory Epstein-Rhoads Internship Program provides exceptional training opportunities for students pursuing forensic science careers. This competitive program offers hands-on experience in a working forensic laboratory under the mentorship of experienced forensic scientists.
Internship Program Structure
The internship runs for 10 to 16 weeks as an unpaid educational experience. Interns work alongside forensic scientists on real cases while completing an independent research project. The program culminates in an oral presentation of research findings to laboratory staff.
Interns gain exposure to multiple forensic disciplines through rotations and observations. They learn proper evidence handling procedures, chain of custody protocols, and quality assurance standards used in accredited laboratories. This experience provides invaluable preparation for the comprehensive training period required for new forensic scientists.
Eligibility Requirements
The BCA accepts applications from junior and senior undergraduate students as well as graduate students. Successful applicants typically demonstrate:
- Strong academic performance (minimum 3.0 GPA preferred)
- Completion of core science coursework, including organic chemistry and statistics
- Excellent attention to detail and organizational skills
- Strong written and verbal communication abilities
- Ability to maintain confidentiality and professional conduct
Priority consideration goes to students who have completed instrumental analysis, biochemistry, and molecular biology coursework. The selection process is highly competitive, with only 4-6 interns selected per session.
Application Process and Timeline
The BCA typically accepts internship applications twice annually:
- Summer Session: Applications due in February for May-August internships
- Academic Year Session: Applications due in August for September-December or January-May internships
Required application materials include official transcripts, a detailed cover letter explaining career goals, a current resume highlighting laboratory experience, and two professional references from science professors or laboratory supervisors.
Career Paths and Specializations
Forensic science careers in Minnesota extend beyond traditional laboratory positions. Understanding the various specializations helps aspiring professionals target their education and training effectively.
Entry-Level Positions
New graduates typically begin their careers in entry-level positions that provide foundational experience:
Forensic Science Technician
Entry-level technicians assist senior scientists with evidence processing, maintain laboratory equipment, prepare reagents and solutions, and perform preliminary examinations. This role requires a bachelor’s degree and serves as the training ground for specialization. Starting salary ranges from $50,530 to $61,280 annually.
Evidence Technician
Evidence technicians manage the receipt, storage, and distribution of physical evidence. They maintain chain of custody documentation, photograph evidence, and prepare items for laboratory analysis. This position develops a critical understanding of evidence handling protocols essential for laboratory work.
Crime Scene Technician
While the BCA laboratory scientists occasionally process major crime scenes, dedicated crime scene technicians work for local law enforcement agencies throughout Minnesota. They document scenes through photography and sketching, collect and package physical evidence, and perform preliminary field tests.
Specialized Forensic Scientist Positions
After completing comprehensive training (which often takes up to a couple of years, depending on the discipline), forensic scientists can specialize in specific disciplines:
DNA Analyst
DNA analysts extract, quantify, and interpret genetic profiles from biological evidence. This specialization requires strong molecular biology knowledge and meticulous attention to detail. DNA analysts frequently testify in court regarding their findings. Experienced DNA analysts in Minnesota earn $75,000 to $95,000 annually.
Forensic Chemist
Drug chemistry specialists identify controlled substances using various analytical techniques, including gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and infrared spectroscopy. They must stay current with emerging synthetic drugs and new psychoactive substances. Forensic chemists typically earn $70,000 to $90,000 with experience.
Firearms Examiner
Firearms examiners compare bullets and cartridge cases to determine if they were fired from specific weapons. This specialization requires extensive training in microscopy and pattern recognition. Certified firearms examiners can earn $80,000 to $100,000 annually.
Latent Print Examiner
Fingerprint specialists develop and compare friction ridge patterns for identification. They must complete extensive training and pass proficiency tests. Certified latent print examiners in Minnesota earn $70,000 to $95,000 based on experience.
Career Advancement Opportunities
Experienced forensic scientists can advance to supervisory and management positions:
- Technical Leader – Oversees technical operations within a specific discipline ($85,000-$105,000)
- Quality Assurance Manager – Maintains laboratory accreditation standards ($80,000-$100,000)
- Laboratory Supervisor – Manages daily operations and personnel ($90,000-$110,000)
- Laboratory Director – Oversees entire laboratory operations ($100,000-$130,000)
Professional Certification and Training
Professional certification demonstrates expertise and commitment to forensic science excellence. While not always required for employment, forensic certification enhances career prospects and earning potential.
American Board of Criminalistics (ABC) Certification
The ABC offers comprehensive certification programs recognized nationwide:
- Diplomate Status – Entry-level certification requiring a bachelor’s degree and passing a comprehensive examination
- Fellow Status – Advanced certification requiring two years of experience and passing specialty examinations
- Specialty Certifications – Available in drug analysis, molecular biology, fire debris analysis, and trace evidence
International Association for Identification (IAI) Certifications
The IAI provides specialized certifications for pattern evidence disciplines:
- Latent Print Certification – Requires extensive training and passing written, practical, and comparison examinations
- Crime Scene Certification – Validates expertise in crime scene processing and evidence collection
- Footwear and Tire Track Certification – Specialized certification for impression evidence
Continuing Education Requirements
Minnesota forensic scientists must maintain their expertise through ongoing training. The BCA requires all forensic scientists to complete a minimum of annual training hours, including:
- Discipline-specific technical training (40 hours minimum)
- Quality assurance and ethics training (8 hours)
- Courtroom testimony training (as needed)
- Professional conference attendance (encouraged annually)
Professional organizations like the Midwestern Association of Forensic Scientists (MAFS) and the Minnesota Division of the IAI provide regional training opportunities and networking events.
Regional Job Opportunities
While the BCA represents the largest forensic science employer, opportunities exist throughout Minnesota in various agencies and private laboratories.
Minneapolis-St. Paul Metropolitan Area
The Twin Cities region concentrates the majority of forensic science positions:
Hennepin County Medical Examiner’s Office
Employs forensic pathologists, toxicologists, and death investigators for the state’s busiest medical examiner’s office. The facility handles over 1,500 cases annually and offers fellowship training programs.
Minneapolis Police Department Crime Laboratory
Operates a full-service laboratory providing rapid turnaround for local cases. The lab employs specialists in latent prints, digital forensics, and crime scene processing.
Ramsey County Medical Examiner’s Office
Provides death investigation services for St. Paul and the surrounding communities. The office employs forensic pathologists, toxicologists, and medicolegal death investigators.
Private Laboratories
Several private forensic laboratories in the metro area provide specialized services, including paternity testing, toxicology screening, and forensic consulting. These facilities offer alternative career paths with competitive salaries.
Regional Opportunities
Opportunities outside the Twin Cities include:
Rochester/Mayo Clinic
Mayo Clinic’s Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology employs forensic pathologists and toxicologists. The prestigious medical center offers unique opportunities for forensic research and specialized testing.
Duluth/Northern Minnesota
The St. Louis County Medical Examiner’s Office serves northeastern Minnesota. The Duluth Police Department maintains a crime scene unit offering entry-level opportunities.
St. Cloud/Central Minnesota
Regional crime laboratories and law enforcement agencies in central Minnesota employ crime scene technicians and evidence specialists. St. Cloud State University partnerships provide student employment opportunities.
How to Apply for Forensic Science Jobs
Successfully obtaining a forensic science position in Minnesota requires strategic preparation and understanding of the application process.
Building a Competitive Application
Strong candidates differentiate themselves through:
Academic Excellence
Maintain a GPA above 3.0, particularly in science courses. Complete advanced coursework beyond minimum requirement,s including instrumental analysis, advanced statistics, and specialized forensic science electives.
Laboratory Experience
Gain hands-on experience through undergraduate research projects, work-study positions in university laboratories, internships at crime laboratories or medical examiner offices, and volunteer work with law enforcement agencies.
Professional Presentation
Develop strong written and verbal communication skills essential for report writing and courtroom testimony. Practice explaining complex scientific concepts in layperson’s terms. Maintain a professional social media presence, as background checks are standard.
Application Timeline and Process
BCA positions typically follow this timeline:
- Job Posting – Positions posted on the Minnesota State government website for a minimum of 21 days
- Application Review – Human resources screens for minimum qualifications (2-3 weeks)
- Technical Review – Laboratory supervisors evaluate scientific qualifications (2-3 weeks)
- Interviews – Panel interviews with laboratory staff and supervisors (1-2 days)
- Background Investigation – Comprehensive criminal history and reference checks (4-6 weeks)
- Conditional Offer – Contingent on background clearance and drug screening
- Final Offer and Start Date – Typically 2-3 months from initial application
Interview Preparation Tips
Successful interview candidates prepare thoroughly:
- Research the BCA’s mission, values, and recent high-profile cases
- Review fundamental concepts from analytical chemistry and statistics
- Prepare examples demonstrating attention to detail and problem-solving abilities
- Practice explaining laboratory techniques and instrumentation
- Understand the importance of quality assurance and accreditation standards
- Prepare questions about training programs and career development opportunities
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the average starting salary for forensic scientists in Minnesota?
Entry-level forensic scientists in Minnesota typically start between $50,530 and $61,280 annually, depending on education, internship experience, and the specific agency. The Minneapolis-St. The Paul metro area generally offers slightly higher starting salaries due to the higher cost of living.
Do I need a forensic science degree specifically, or will other science degrees work?
The BCA accepts various science degrees, including chemistry, biology, biochemistry, and forensic science. The key is completing the required coursework in analytical chemistry, statistics, and relevant laboratory sciences. Many successful forensic scientists have traditional science degrees with forensic science minors or concentrations.
How competitive is the BCA internship program?
The BCA internship is highly competitive, typically accepting only 4-6 interns per session from dozens of applicants. Strong academic performance, relevant coursework, and laboratory experience improve selection chances. Apply early and ensure all application materials showcase your qualifications effectively.
Can I work as a forensic scientist in Minnesota with an online degree?
Yes, the BCA and other employers accept accredited online degrees provided they include appropriate laboratory components. Ensure your online program includes hands-on laboratory experience through residencies or local partnerships. The degree must be from a regionally accredited institution.
What’s the difference between a crime scene investigator and a forensic scientist in Minnesota?
Crime scene investigators primarily work in the field collecting and documenting evidence, while forensic scientists analyze evidence in laboratory settings. In Minnesota, most CSI positions are with local police departments, while forensic scientists typically work for the BCA or medical examiner’s offices. Some overlap exists, as BCA scientists occasionally process major crime scenes.
How long does the training period last for new BCA forensic scientists?
New forensic scientists at the BCA complete a comprehensive multi-stage training program before working independently. This often takes up to a couple of years, depending on the discipline, including classroom instruction, supervised casework, proficiency testing, and courtroom testimony preparation. The extensive training ensures competency and maintains laboratory accreditation standards.
Are there age restrictions for becoming a forensic scientist in Minnesota?
There are no specific age restrictions for forensic scientist positions. Candidates must be at least 18 years old and meet educational requirements. The physically demanding aspects are minimal compared to law enforcement positions, allowing for longer careers in the field.
What specialization has the best job prospects in Minnesota?
DNA analysis and drug chemistry currently show the strongest demand due to case backlogs and the opioid crisis. However, all forensic disciplines offer stable employment. Choose a specialization based on your interests and strengths rather than market demand alone, as all areas need qualified professionals.
Do Minnesota forensic scientists have to testify in court?
Yes, courtroom testimony is a fundamental responsibility for forensic scientists. You’ll need to explain your findings, methodologies, and conclusions to judges and juries. The BCA provides extensive testimony training, and most scientists testify several times annually. Strong communication skills are essential for this aspect of the job.
Can I transfer my forensic science experience from another state to Minnesota?
Yes, forensic science experience from other states transfers well to Minnesota positions. The BCA values experienced analysts and may offer lateral entry at higher salary levels. You’ll still need to complete agency-specific training on Minnesota procedures and laboratory protocols, but the timeline is typically shorter than for entry-level scientists, often adjusted based on your prior experience and the specific discipline.
Key Takeaways
Minnesota offers rewarding forensic science careers with competitive salaries ranging from $50,530 for entry-level positions to over $101,150 for experienced professionals. The state’s commitment to forensic excellence through the Bureau of Criminal Apprehension provides stable employment and advancement opportunities.
Success in this field requires a strong educational foundation in natural sciences, hands-on laboratory experience, and dedication to continuous learning. Whether you’re just starting your education or transitioning from another science career, Minnesota’s forensic science community offers pathways to meaningful work in criminal justice.
The combination of competitive compensation, comprehensive training programs, and the opportunity to contribute to public safety makes forensic science an excellent career choice in Minnesota. With proper preparation and dedication, you can join the ranks of professionals who bring scientific objectivity to the pursuit of justice.
Ready to start your forensic science journey? Research degree programs, gain laboratory experience, and consider applying for the BCA internship program. Your scientific skills could help solve Minnesota’s most challenging criminal cases while building a stable, rewarding career.
